Long Acting Insulin Information
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Recently, type 2 diabetes has been linked to chronic low grade inflammation. The La Jolla team identified an immune system signaling molecule called adenosine that contributes to insulin resistance by triggering inflammation, and was able to decrease insulin resistance in mice by blocking the actions of the molecule.
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Ketoacidosis is a diabetic emergency which occurs as a result of a lack of insulin. Without insulin, the body is unable to use sugar for energy. Unable to use sugar, the body burns its fat stores for energy.
As the fat is broken down, byproducts called ketones are released, building up in the blood and urine. Ketones are acid waste products, and are dangerous at high levels. Blood sugar rises as the liver produces more glucose in an attempt to fuel the body, causing further acidity.
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Danish pharmaceutical giant Novo Nordisk has completed clinical testing of a new generation of ultra long acting insulin, called insulin degludec. More than 10,000 type 1 and type 2 diabetics from 40 different countries participated in 17 different trials.
Trial results consistently showed Degludec to be as effective in lowering blood sugar as the current most widely used long acting insulin, Sanofi-Aventis’ Lantus (insulin glargine), with no difference in adverse effects. Read the full article
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An insulin jet injector sounds like a great idea. Intended to be a less painful way of delivering insulin than the traditional insulin syringes or insulin pens, they deliver a fine jet of insulin under such high pressure that it is able to penetrate the skin without a needle.
The first insulin jet injector, dubbed the “peace gun”, was invented by a doctor in the 1940s for mass immunization of American troops. It was used right up until 1997, when it’s use was discontinued because of concerns around cross-contamination from multiple users. According to all reports, the peace gun was efficient, but painful.
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Diabetes control can be a trial, even when you are in a familiar location with all of your supplies at hand. Going to a foreign country, or even city, adds extra complications and can be daunting. With the proper planning, however, travel can be enjoyable and relaxing.
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Japanese researchers are warning diabetics of the risk of “pseudohypergylcemia” when testing blood sugar after eating or handling fruit. A study published in the journal Diabetes Care demonstrated how fruit sugars can stay on the hands even after the fingers are swabbed with alcohol, causing an artificially high blood glucose test reading.
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Diabetics are still awaiting a reliable, non-invasive means of blood glucose monitoring – one that doesn’t require breaking the skin or confirmation with a traditional monitoring method. The latest continuous glucose monitoring technology involves small sensors implanted in the skin that must be calibrated several times a day, and replaced every few days to a week to avoid infection. Because the blood sugar testers are implanted into the skin, the body sees the sensors as foreign objects, and frequently forms scar tissue around them.
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It’s not widely known that large doses of insulin were commonly used in psychiatric institutions in the 1940s and 1950s to treat schizophrenia and other mental illness. Insulin shock therapy was regarded as the treatment of choice for schizophrenia for about twenty years, enjoying uncritical acceptance in Europe and America.
The “treatment” was considered a type of shock therapy. Patients were given regular insulin injections to produce five or six diabetic comas a week for weeks at a time. Insulin therapy continued until the patient improved, or until 50 to 60 comas had been induced.
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Research conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center raises the exciting prospect of eliminating the need for insulin in type 1 diabetics by “turning off” the hormone glucagon, which plays a major role in blood sugar regulation.
Like insulin, glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin, increasing blood glucose levels rather than lowering them. The pancreas releases glucagon when blood sugar is low, causing the liver to release glucose into the blood stream, and stimulating the release of insulin.
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As type 2 diabetes progresses, oral diabetes medication doses typically need to be adjusted upwards over time, and a good many type 2 diabetics can expect to end up insulin dependent. There does not appear to be any clear consensus on how best to introduce insulin injections in addition to oral diabetes medications – three times a day with meals, twice daily injections, or a single daily long-acting insulin injection.
Professor Rury Holman, director of the Diabetes Trial Unit at Oxford University, was the principal investigator of a large scale study conducted to determine how best to introduce insulin to control blood sugar levels as type 2 diabetes progresses. “Type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition with the majority of patients eventually requiring insulin therapy,” Holman explains.
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